The Indus Valley

4000 – 1800 B.C.

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world’s earliest urban cultures, thriving in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Known for its advanced cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, this civilization featured complex urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and well-organized streets. The people of the Indus Valley were skilled traders, artisans, and builders who lived in carefully planned cities. Though much of their written language remains undeciphered, their achievements in architecture, craftsmanship, and trade reveal a highly advanced society.