The Crusades

1095 – 1291

The Crusades were a series of religious wars fought between the 11th and 13th centuries, primarily between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land. Key figures included leaders like Richard the Lionheart and Saladin, who played crucial roles in these conflicts. The Crusades had a significant cultural impact, leading to increased contact between Europe and the Middle East, influencing art, architecture, and trade. Despite their violent nature, the Crusades helped shape the medieval world and fostered long-lasting cultural exchanges.