1430 – 1603
The Songhay Empire was a powerful West African state known for its wealth and learning. With cities like Timbuktu, it became a center for trade and education. The empire’s leaders, such as Askia the Great, expanded its territory and influence.
The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa
Outstanding introduction to history of the Songhay and related empires, with insights into the historical process
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Ghana Mali Songhay: The Western Sudan
History of the medieval kingdoms in Western Sudan, with excellent artwork
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Songhay: The Empire Builders
Illustrated history of the Songhay empire and its government
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The Songhay Empire
Accessible history of the history and culture of the Songhay Empire
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