Indian Independence and Partition

1930 – 1947

In 1947, after years of struggle led by Gandhi against British colonial rule, India gained its independence. However, the end of British rule also brought the partition of the Indian subcontinent into two separate nations: India and Pakistan. This division, largely based on religious lines, led to widespread violence, mass migrations, and deep political and social divisions. Millions of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs were displaced as they moved to their new countries, creating lasting impacts on the region. Despite the challenges, this period marked the beginning of a new era for South Asia.